Guatemala, the northernmost Central American country, occupies 108,890 km², approximately the size of the U.S. states of Ohio or Tennessee. The country is divided into 22 administrative regions called departments.
Guatemala is a representative democracy. The government is divided into an executive branch, a unicameral legislature, and the judiciary. The current president, elected in December of 1999, is Alfonso Portillo. His predecessor was Alvaro Arzu (1996-99).
On December 29, 1996 the government and the armed opposition signed a Firm and Lasting Peace to end 36 years of civil war.
Spanish is the official language. There are 19 Mayan languages spoken plus Xinka and Garifuna. About half of the population are indigenous peoples. Guatemala's Mayans form the largest percentage Amerindian group of any country in North and Central America.
According to the 1999 statistical summary published by the Population Reference Bureau (Washington, D.C.), the population of Guatemala now exceeds 12.3 million people. 44% of the population is under age 15 and 3% is over age 65. Life expectancy at birth for women is 68 years; for men, 63 years. Overall life expectancy is 65 years. 38% of the population is urban. 6% of children die before age 5. Population density is 113 persons per km². The per capita GNP in 1997 was US$1,580.
The United Nations' Index for Human Development is a coefficient that combines indicators of income, life expectancy and education as a measure of human progress. In the 1999 UN report, Guatemala ranked 117 th out of 174 countries with an index of 0.624. For comparison Canada occupied 1st place with an index of .932 and Sierra Leone was last with an index of .254.
The same UN report lists Guatemala's GNP as $17.8 billion, distributed as follows:
Agriculture 24%
Industry 20%
Services 56%
ther sources note that total exports rose from $2.386 billion in 1997 to $2.562 billion in 1998. Among traditional exports, coffee led the way with $580 million followed by sugar with $314 million and bananas with $177 million. Total imports rose from $3.852 billion 1997 to $4.651 billion in 1998. Guatemala's foreign debt at the end of 1998 was $2.368 billion. In 1990 the debt was $2.488 billion and in 1996 at $2.075 billion. ( Crónica , Guatemala en números 1999)
|